Designing Air's Calendar Block for clarity and efficiency
How I redesigned Athelas Air’s EMR calendar block to be more informative, responsive, and handle the extraneous needs of the healthcare environment.
Home
Timeline
3 Months
Role
Design Lead
Product Area
Calendar
Platform
Desktop, Tablet
New Calendar UIOld Calendar UI
Hover here to see old UIs
Project Background
Calendars are like the air traffic control of healthcare practices. Whether you're a medical providers or an admin, the calendar is pivotal to understanding what the day ahead looks like.

What makes calendars for healthcare so unique is their need to communicate extreme amounts of detail. Appointment types, topics, insurances, payments and many other key alerts need to be crystal clear in a moments glance.

Our calendar? Our users found it simply wasn’t clear enough and staff needed to see more than we were communicating.
Multiplex spatial proteomic images are essentially multi-layered image scans of tissue, where each layer highlights a different protein in the tissue sample.
The Challenge

Improving our calendar communication was a 3 part project.

How could we...

  1. Make appointment details much clearer at a glance?
  2. Show more of someone's day in the same amount of space?
  3. Ensure our calendar out performs other EMR calendars?

Below, you’ll see how I tackled each of these challenges, and the process I took to arrive at my final decisions.

Key Improvements
More details, smaller size, clearer statuses
The new blocks take up less space, communicate more information, and make appointment statuses clearer than they were prior.
More alerts and more details
Alerting was simplified and shrunk down so we could get much more detailed with what we want users to know.
A new, detailed
appointment pop-out
Previously, users had to go digging for information in hidden away drawers. Now, the most important information is available right at their fingertips.
Increased overall density for better day visibility
Condensing the appointment block and general structure allowed us to show much more of someone's day without needing to scroll.
The Impact
Just a couple metrics & quotes from real customers using the new calendar.
Day visibility (without scrolling)
Increased by 114%
More information, readily available
Customer found it quicker and easier to locate specific appointments and extract the relevant information.
which in turn...
Saves time and improves efficiency
Admin staff spend less time hunting for information, allowing them to provide quicker and more personal assistance to incoming patients.
Prefer New UI
90% of customers
“This is going to make a lot of peoples lives easier”
CEO & Provider @ Brownstone Physical Therapy
"I love that I can see these alerts without having to click"
PT Admin @ Arthur J. Ting Sports Rehab Center
“This is already a lot better than what we’re currently working with”
Admin @ One Accord
“I love this, I’m onboard with all I’m seeing here”
Provider @ White Mountain Physical Therapy
“I’m excited to see this in action”
Provider @ Lattimore Physical Therapy
The journey of redesigning the calendar block
Now that we've seen how Air’s customers were impacted, let me walk you through how I made the design decisions I did and why.
Step 1
Understanding the healthcare environment

To empathize with our user base and truly understand who I was designing for, I spent some time on-site and talking with providers and staff who operate the front desk in their clinic. During my visit, I observed staff move through typical daily activities and discussed common challenges involved with running the front desk.

Since I cannot share real images I took, below are representations of the environments we saw.

  • Bustling physical environment
  • Sudden waves of high-traffic and long lines
  • 1-2 front desk staff for 8-10+ waiting patients at busy times
Some things I learnt

Front desk staff in small/medium size clinics see anywhere from 40 - 200 patients in a day. In bigger facilities, this can be even higher.

For every patient, front desk interactions involve...
  • Greeting the patient and getting them “checked in” in the system.
  • Checking if the patient needs to complete any intake paperwork.
  • Handling any pre-visit requirements (copays, intake processing, insurance, authorizations, etc).
    • These tasks can range wildly in time and involvement, depending on what the patient needs.

In addition to this, staff must also look out for patients who need special accommodations, take incoming calls from patients, solve insurance issues, and more.

Staff typically struggle with...
  • Being able to quickly reference the calendar when patients have questions about their appointment, insurance, forms, balances, and more
  • Having to constantly switch between the screen and the patient during interactions
  • Knowing which patients need extra attention before they can be seen.
Critical takeaways from visiting clinics and talking to users
Our research & site visits told us that front desk staff spend >70% of their time referencing an EMR calendar, often jumping back and forth between the software and the patient. So, operating with speed and precision is paramount to their success.
We learnt that an effective calendar should provide quick visibility into a clinic’s day, because this visibility informs actions before they are required.
Step 2
So why wasn’t our current calendar working?

I wanted to capture first hand feedback on what using our current calendar was like, so I talked with various customers in admin/provider rolls and dug into why they were getting frustrated.

Air Calendar Old UI
Customer quotes about using the previous calendar
“I can’t tell what the current status of the appointment is”
“I can’t quickly and easily see whether a patient has any outstanding payments they need to make before they can be seen.”
“I can’t find any information about why I’m seeing the patient. Any added appointment notes are too hard to find.”
“It’s unclear to me where I check a patient in, and I need to do this for every patient, everyday.”
“I need to be able to easily charge patients with outstanding balances. I can’t find where to do this…”
“Everything feels very zoomed in, I wish I could zoom out a little.”
“When I use the ‘fit-to-screen’ view, I lose important information I need to know at a glance.”
“I wish I could remove the facility location from the block, I don’t need to see this and it adds a lot of noise to the screen”
“I often have 2 or 3 appointments at once. I lose key information when the calendar squeezes more than one appointment block on the same row.”
Making sense of the data

This was informative, but in order to really get to core, I needed to dig deeper to find trends and uncover the root causes driving poor user experiences.

To do this, I combined the direct feedback with my own personal and on-site observations, and cleaned up the data into thematic groups I could better summarize.

...then I refined my themes to pull concrete insights out of my research.
Theme 1
Ambiguous or unclear communication of key appointment information.
~80% of users talk about this
What does this mean?
Critical information about appointments was not immediately clear to users.
The impact?
Users need to look further to find the information they need. This results in more clicks and more time to get stuff done.
Theme 2
Ambiguity/confusion where key actions are located.
~65% of users talk about this
What does this mean?
Actions users’ know they want to take are hard to find or unintuitive to operate.
The impact?
Users are slowed down and/or cannot complete the required actions. This makes patients wait longer and creates a negative  experience for everyone.
Theme 3
Generally poor information density.
~90% of users talk about this
What does this mean?
The calendar lacks the desired quantity of information at both the appointment level as well as the whole day level.
The impact?
This results in users feeling less aware, or lacking a birds eye view of the day's activities and feeling less in control.
Customer feedback told us that...
Users struggled to find key appointment or patient information quickly.
requiring them to go hunting on various pages and slowing them down.
Common actions were always hidden or a few clicks away.
Having to repeat the process for each patient began feeling tedious and burdensome.
Staff wanted to feel more ‘aware’ of the daily activities.
They wanted a greater birds eye view of what was happening and when, so they could be prepared.
Step 3
Studying other consumer and EMR calendars

Picking apart everyday calendars (Google, Apple, Notion) would help me determine what make a solid baseline calendar. From there, studying other EMR calendars would help inform me on where we’re falling short and how we can get competitive.

I started with the top consumer calendar...
Notable elements
  • Event creation and viewing can be done in a pop-out window
  • Source organization is done via color fill + sidebar
  • Very tight padding around block content
  • Secondary content gets hidden on smaller (vertically) block sizes
  • Distinct styles for invited/accepted status
Notable elements
  • Hour size is not very large
  • Distinct styles for invited/accepted/rejected statuses
  • Sources handled via color theming
  • Content rearranges when block is small
  • Double bookings overlap one another
Notable elements
  • Distinct styles for invited/accepted rejected status
  • Content rearranges when block is small
  • Double bookings overlap one another when titles can stack above/below
    • Split column space when they cannot
  • Hour size is very small
Next, I looked at competitor EMR Calendars...
Notable elements
  • 5+ providers are visible at once
  • Alerting is vast and detailed, ranging from title icons to colored dots scattered around the block. Very busy and visually cluttered.
  • A legend is available to understand codified calendar approach
  • Appointment type shown via color
  • Block styles also used to surface alerts
  • “Blocks” or unavailable times marked via solid, untitled grey blocks.
  • Appointment blocks never take up more than 50% of the column width
Notable elements
  • Very vertically dense
  • Time slots can be reserved but not booked on (see green blocks, different than simply empty)
  • Color bars indicate appointment type
  • No overlapping on double booking
  • Very little details
  • No alerting present
Notable elements
  • 5+ providers could be visible at once
  • Appointment details are surfaced via a pop-out when you click on the block.
  • Alerting is handled via icons in front of appointment title, not scalable
  • Appointment type is shown via color
Lastly, I compared all the sizes to try and figure out why people felt our calendar was "too zoomed in"...
Key opportunities to make our calendar competitive
Our information density was far worse than existing calendars.
Our extra padding, bigger font sizes, and backgrounds on icons where requiring bigger footprints on the UI.

This was likely the cause of staff feeling “too zoomed in” and wanting “a better birds eye view” of the day ahead.
Other EMRs had much more detailed alerting on their calendars.
All our alerts were combined into 2 icons with a tooltip, while other competitors used many icons and collections of visual cues that all meant different things.

This was likely causing our users to go hunt down information elsewhere while the patient waited.
We could be giving users key information much quicker.
Most other tools leverage some sort of pop-out window to display key information about an appointment.

Matching this pattern would reduce the amount of clicks needed to find key information and take key actions.
Differences between statuses were not obvious enough at a glance
Our shade-based status depiction was not noticeable enough for users to quickly tell different statuses apart.

This was likely causing some of the confusion around staff not know where to focus their attention in the calendar.
Step 4
Defining guiding principles and design explorations

To guide my explorations and ensure I design around what I’d learnt, I pieced together some guiding principles that I could use as north stars in my explorations.

Maximize information density. Make the most of the available space.
Why?
Reducing the block footprint will decrease the overall footprint, making more of the day visible at once.
Make critical and high-value information crystal clear.
Why?
Making critical information easy to spot will speed up staff and help them get ahead of issues, tasks.
Make key, common actions quickly accessible and highly intuitive.
Why?
Fast, fluid interactions will increase user enjoyment + allow staff to close out tasks quicker.
Step 5
Pilot launch and incorporating feedback

To test the changes in a more rigorous environment, we piloted the new calendar updated with a few customers and documented what we heard.

#1 – The color clarity and contrast needed to increase

Immediately we heard that some customers were struggling to clearly make out different block colors. We realized this was due to our pastel style approach and many customers using devices which had poor screen contrast ratios.

To solve this, I darkened all the block background colors an added the saturated color bar to all statuses. On smaller sizes, the bar got even thicker to ensure clarity.

#2 – Additional “confirmed” state was needed

Many sites told us they actually needed an additional status from what we currently had. A new “Confirmed” status would indicate when the patient has confirmed ahead of time that they will arrive for their appointment.

We slotted this status this in and used a solid border to differentiate it from all other statuses.

#3 – Get rid of facility label and add written status

Initially, we’d placed the facility name on the block. We heard this was seen as repeated, low-value information causing noise, plus we soon decided to handle facilities differently on the calendar.

With this label removed, we instead replaced it with a written label of the current status for maximum status clarity.

#4 – More information in the appointment pop-out was needed

Right after launch, we learnt that a couple key pieces of patient information (such as email, phone, next scheduled visit) were missing from this pop-out window. We needed to add these so staff could easily contact patients when reaching out to confirm their appointments.

The final calendar design.
Hover here to see old UIs
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Designing the Pop-out
Designing the Pop-out
Designing the Pop-out
Designing the Block
Design Opportunities
Getting Competitive
Calendar Standards
What Wasn't Working
The Environment